Rfid tags for fish. RFID tracking involves attaching an Contact Information.

RFID tracking involves attaching an Contact Information. biomark. The advanced performance of the APT12 has made it the #1 selling 12mm PIT tag for fisheries & wildlife applications. Readers automatically synchronize using GNSS signals (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, QZSS) or can be connected with CAT5 cable. The case is made of RF translucent materials such as PET, Polypropylene (PP), Polyacetate (POM), Polycarbonate (PC), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polyamide 66P (A66), and Elastomère (EPDM). 2khz FDX-B implant rfid micro chip glass tube tag for animal/pet Microchip Injection Animal Identification RFID Tags For Dogs The Biomark HPT23 tag is the highest performing RFID tag on the market today for fish and wildlife research in a 23 mm x 3. The sensors controlled by the Sep 5, 2012 · RFID sensors for monitoring of fish freshness were constructed from available 47 × 47 mm, RFID tags from Avery Dennison (model AD 709, Flowery Branch, Georgia) by draw-coating a polyaniline polymer to form a sensing film onto the antenna. Email: keith@hinchinbrookei. This chain begins with the fish capture and transport to the processing factory in refrigerated trucks. These tags are also valuable fisheries research tools that can be used to identify and track individual fish. Other field power sources can be used to supply 12 volts DC at 2 amps (per reader). The circuit runs up to a year on 3 PIT tags are a useful tool to identify and follow individuals within a large population to monitor movement and behavior. Tag Name Type AIN Product Code Species 1. APT 12 PIT Tag Product Pictures: Required for Use: The Biomark APT12 12mm 134. 2). The agency will now require that sexually intact cattle and bison moving interstate must be tagged with electronically readable tags. It's a world standard Pit tag used on millions of animals and fish around the world. Simply insert a cartridge, pre-loaded with 10 2. RFID animal and livestock tags Identify and track animals, livestock, fish, and pets using RFID ear tags or injectable RFID ampoule tags. These tags contain electronically stored information, […] Tech Logic will make sure RFID conversion is completed on-time, on-budget, and in-sync with other project elements. Table 3: Allflex 840 RFID Tags . 4 mg and are manufactured by Hitachi Chemicals [ 11 ]. Celebrating our 30 year anniversary working in fisheries biology and electronic identi-. 2 kHz, ICAR registered, and ISO FDX-B certified. Oregon RFID 4080 SE International Way Glass RFID tags are a reliable and secure solution used for animal identification, ranging from pets to livestock, fish, and purebred pigeons. 12mm FDX-B PIT Tags – Preloaded $ 475. High security for animal identification. Oct 1, 2020 · A passive RFID tag modified with a copper-doped ionic liquid was used to detect the crossing of a temperature threshold (8 °C) during the shipping of medical products. All Biomark PIT tags are ISO 11784 and 11785 compliant and ICAR approved. The chapter will be subdivided in four main sections. “All in One” High for tagging fish & animals. What are the benefits of RFID tagging? There are quite a few! Time: Two shorter appointments versus one longer surgery. RFID tags can be used for linen, cotton, wool, towels, uniforms, workwear The Multi PIT Tag Injector allows researchers to rapidly and efficiently tag up to ten animals in sequence without reloading tags. These readers are designed and engineered by Biomark to meet the rigorous in-field requirements and complex remote monitoring applications. Reader assembly and thorough QA/QC are done at our Boise, Idaho facility lead by a team Hundreds of published papers describe how to tag a variety of animals with VIE. Quick View Add to cart. Its portable, wireless design is ideal for wildlife applications where mobility is necessary. The advantages of RFID monitoring systems and IOTs should be discussed. Any gaps in the detection record will indicate a failure of the reader, antenna or power source. This low cost, durable, and TruckTag Frequently Asked Questions. For young salmon, RFID tracking begins in one of the many salmon farming areas up river, or in spawning grounds. They have no internal power supply and are inductively charged by magnetic fields that power the tag to transmit a unique identifying number. 2, Increased operational efficiency. RFID, Inc. Available standard with a double T-bar anchor and ISO 134. Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is an automatic recognition system that uses radio waves to identify products and objects. Improved Livestock Management. • The RFID tags will be permanently installed on the cabs on drayage trucks. Both of these temperature ranges are valid between Oct 27, 2022 · 1. The crates can experience temperatures fluctuating from -20 degrees Celsius (-4 degrees Fahrenheit) when out at sea or in freezers, to +70 or +80 degrees Celsius (+158 or +176 degrees Fahrenheit) in the washing unit. Acoustic tags can be externally attached or surgically implanted in a fish. Finally RFID has been employed as a way to track the movement of pebbles on beaches, in order to analyse the impact of coastal erosion during sea storms. FISHBIO has conducted various studies using PIT tags since 2003, including tracking the movements of threatened California steelhead Aug 1, 2009 · A RFID smart tag including temperature and relative humidity sensing capabilities was developed for food traceability and cold chain monitoring purposes. Previously the metal clip tags (bangs tags or something similar) were sufficient RFID inlays are sometimes encapsulated inside a hard case. Various sizes are available to meet your budget. J Zhang, etc. Fully automated production processes ensure Buy RFID tags from the industries top brands. Plastic Implanter for a 12 gauge needle with plunger. is a passive glass transponder especially designed for fish and animal identification. Our best-in-class products are engineered for exceptional read range, read speed and biocompatibility. The purpose of RFID clothing tags is to bring automation and theft prevention while reducing the cost and complexity of the processes involved in garment inventory management. See vendor website. The bigger is a wave the lower is the number of repetitions that a complete waveform can do within one second. A range of sizes are available with a variety of notch styles and sizes. 2kHz ISO FDX-B PIT Jul 2, 2018 · Electronic Tags. Allflex visual identification solutions include a variety of tags, with numerous colors and print options, for identifying different species of farm, zoo, and wildlife animals. RFID tags for cattle offer a robust solution for monitoring beef cattle herds and are a beneficial supplement to traditional industry practices. FREE shipping on $450+ U. Unified Information Devices (UID) provides a convenient and reliable solution for fish and wildlife identification and tracking applications. An optional, extendable Sep 21, 2016 · Streamer tags are equipped with a RFID chip, and, on fish recapture, the tag can be scanned with a compatible RFID reader, with the data being transmitted to a smartphone application through which 2. These Glass Ampoule RFID LF 125 KHz Tags are used in opportunities requiring a small footprint and excel when mounted in or on metal. PIT Tags Microchip - sterile + label Pigion / Bird - rings Implanter & Needles RFID Reader RFID Antenna RFID Tags - Industry RFID Tags - Specialty APPLICATIONS ANIMAL APPLICATIONS FISH APPLICATIONS INDUSTRY SUPPORT FAQ GUIDE - RFID PRODUCTS GUIDE - HOW TO BUY BUY / ORDER COMPANY CONTACT Currently the smallest HDX tag is 12. Phone: (208) 275-0011. Fax 208-275-0031. Stainless steel head dart tags (type SSD) are for marking large fish such as billfish and especially sharks which can not be easily brought aboard. Tags have a limited life expectancy that is constrained by battery size: smaller batteries can last for days to weeks, while larger batteries can last for months to years. 1mm x 12mm ISO tags up to a distance of 8”. ***** 6. 2. Phone 208-275-0011. This EU website offers all the equipment that is needed for fish and wildlife projects. A fisherman can scan the tag at or near the moment of capture with a compatible RFID reader, which will transmit the fish's tag information to a personal smartphone pre-installed with our reporting application (Hawaii, or HI Tag App). 56 mhz rfid tags; lf 134 khz rfid tags; lf 125 khz rfid tags; semi passive uhf gen2 rfid tags A PIT tag monitoring site consists of an RFID reader, a power source and an antenna. May 3, 2024 · The U. All conversion equipment (except the tags themselves), project and personnel management, quality control, and Jul 27, 2022 · The specialized UHF tags are being developed as an alternative to the low-frequency (LF) RFID tags used to track fish, in an effort to improve tag read reliability and range, and to lower the cost of tracking individual fish. 00. “All in One” FDX Plus EID Tag RFID Panel Eartag AIN 0017c Bison, Cattle, Deer/Elk 4. Animal ID Chip and Embeddable RFID Tags. LF Hard Tag – Glass Tag Animal ID. 1 g Boise, Idaho 83702. All connectors are waterproof on the watertight enclosure. orders. The company has been providing tagging and data collection solutions for fisheries researchers and field biologists for over 25 years. We also offer individual tags for use with syringe style implanters and reusable needles, which are used to tag smaller volumes of fish. 2 kHz FDX tag. Keith van den Broek. Active and semi-passive RFID tags use a power 69 source, typically a battery, whereas passive tags are powered by the external electromagnetic field Oct 3, 2008 · The RFID tag is put on each live fish and is regarded as the mediator which links the live fish logistic center, retail restaurants and consumers for identification. Nov 12, 2010 · Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags provide many advantages over traditional methods for marking or tracking fish. RFID technology not only makes it possible for farmers and ranchers to track and monitor the animal’s condition in real-time but also can provide individual cattle Jan 18, 2010 · The fish industry can be hard on RFID tags, the company reports. Our products are used worldwide for scientific research and commercial operations. This tech involves radio waves to read, capture, and even track data stored on a tag hitched to an object. Our early tests with UHF tags have shown that we can achieve read ranges of between 10 to 20 times that of PIT stands for Passive Integrated Transponder, a name created by Earl Prentice for low frequency RFID tags. RFID system consists of a tag, a reader, and a Acoustic Fish. Tag data can reveal migratory behaviors, growth rates, mortality rates, habitat preferences, and many other important factors. In simple terms, a PIT tag is an implantable transponder used for the unique identification of individual animals. quency identification (RFID). It is a flexible solution for secure animal identification that withstands most chemicals and harsh Mar 1, 2023 · In 2005, researchers from Japan reported testing RFID tags in conger-eel tube fishery to monitor the fishing effort and effectiveness (Uchida et al. SKU: IM2. fication, Biomark, Inc. Biomark provides robust PIT tag monitoring solutions for temporary or long term continuous monitoring. The ORMR is an Oregon RFID HDX PIT Tag Reader that can operate up to four antennas, each from a few inches in diameter to over 50 meters across. The antenna is tuned by pressing a button on the front panel. With RFID tags, retailers can accurately track and manage inventory levels, reduce the time spent counting items manually, and automate the process of restocking shelves. S. The Marker Tag is mounted inside the detection zone of an antenna to verify continuous operation. Tags and a tag reader are available. External PIT tags combine the best features of traditional external tags, with significant add-on benefits of encapsulating PIT tags in the external marker. VODA IQ Food Safe 12 mm PIT Tag. The RFID tag is put on each live fish and is regarded as the mediator which links the . An HDX PIT tag is covered and revealed at timed intervals that are adjustable between 1 and 30 minutes. HDX uses Frequency Shift Keying (FM) which has better noise immunity and allows larger, simpler antennas. 2 mm and is one of our standard products for Animal ID. Request your Same Day Telemetry System Quote On-line Today. The impressive 0. 12x12mm 134. As these applications continue to prove their value, labels with additional Sep 23, 2016 · In the proposed process, a fish will be tagged with a modified streamer (“spaghetti”) tag carrying a rice grain RFID chip. While we have PIT tag readers, we don't have an easy way to take a photo associated with the PIT tag number. The Aug 1, 2009 · Several environmental sensing devices, including RFID smart tag [3], biodegradable flexible temperature sensor [4], etc. An ability to adapt and meet customer research needs by developing custom tag data detection systems for specific and sometimes very unique RFID Tags - Animal. Depending on species and research needs, a variety of tagging options may be used by researchers. All metal used in the dart head and wire is 316S marine grade surgical steel. Sep 30, 2008 · This paper proposed a RFID-enabled traceability system for live fish supply chain. We assess physical condition before and after, but it would be really nice to have some before and after photos to check our work in the field. As Dec 7, 2022 · Scaling Up Using UHF RFID. The Feb 3, 2021 · PIT tags also offer an advantage over physical identification tags because they can be detected remotely, meaning recapture of the tagged fish is not required. 85 mm size. Likewise, it is adaptive for the small and medium enterprises. They are just 3 mm thick and have rounded corners for entering under the fish’s skin with little injury, and can be injected using existing implanter equipment. ’s ISO standard UHF 915 MHz RFID cattle tags are the most innovative RFID tags in Sep 24, 2021 · In this method, a RFID tag was inserted into each live fish to monitor its movement in the living fish logistic centers and selling restaurants and provide information to the consumers for identification purposes. Save 5% instantly w/ a free Atlas+ account. www. The smart tag developed in this work presents important advantages regarding these conventional Jan 1, 2012 · Current RFID tags are based on chips containing a memory that can be wirelessly read out to uniquely identify products. Other uses include injectable RFID Tags for pets or fish as well as ankle Tags for birds. We specialize in fisheries and wildlife specific readers. us . AA_T1-1$ 25. More RFIDs and RFID sensors should be reviewed and discussed e. The system was demonstrated and validated along an intercontinental fresh fish logistic chain. Phone: (509) 885-8032. 75mm volume is what makes our tag remarkably suitable for the RFID fish tracking of species such as zebrafish. 4 kHz. 56 MHz band adhered to each tube at the fishing gear, and readers were fitted onboard for reading the tags during setting and hauling. Learn More. HID can create ideal RFID tag solutions or provide electronic architecture for the effective monitoring of any size or type of animal — including when identification is more optimally located within a band, tag or ring secured externally to the subject. With a simple pull of the handle, inject a tag into the animal and repeat the procedure for 9 more animals without the need to The Biomark APT12 high performance PIT tag is the highest performing RFID tag on the market today for fish and wildlife research. 45 ghz active rfid tags; active 433 mhz rfid tags; gen 2 uhf 902-928 mhz rfid tags; gen 2 uhf 865-868 mhz rfid tags; hf 13. The Smartrac Glass Tag Animal ID is a flexible and reliable solution for pet, livestock and fish identification, pigeon race and identification of laboratory animals. 5 mm × 2. Low frequency (LF) signals, measured in kHz, are necessary to transmit For the most part, these facilities use the GPT12 and APT12 PIT tags that are pre-loaded in trays of 100. RFID systems are usually comprised of an RFID reader, RFID tags, and antennas. , have been developed to collect living environmental data of live fish. Hallprint pioneered a streamlined attachment of the disposable applicator The most prolific use of RFID Tags being applied to animals is with cattle and pigs via attaching RFID Ear Tags. Jun 18, 2021 · RFID tags, or Radio Frequency Identification tags, are a technique to follow your cattle, sheep, pigs, and other livestock animals by detecting a tag with their distinctive identification number. RFID is an acronym for Radio Frequency Identification which means RFID is the wireless, non-contact use of radio frequency waves to transfer data and identify objects, animals, or humans. PIT tags are small electronic circuits sealed in a glass capsule. HPR Plus Handheld PIT Tag Reader. 0 mm x 2. The simplest system is a reader with a large deep cycle marine battery. See all products and services related to RFID from the Center for Fisheries Technology and Collaboration! Apr 5, 2023 · By safely tagging and releasing young migratory fish into rivers, when mature fish are later caught in the ocean their UHF tags will reveal something of their migration paths and the health of their environment. Success: The success rate of lumpectomies is higher with this technology. Polyaniline is one of conjugated polymers also known as intrinsically conducting polymers. Apparel and fashion with RFID tags can help retailers optimize their operations by improving supply chain visibility, reducing shipping Aug 1, 2009 · For demonstration purposes of the RFID smart tag, an intercontinental fresh fish logistic chain was selected, the South African fresh hake commercial chain to the European market (Fig. The tag can detect H 2 S or NH 3 gas concentration in packaging, by using a hydrogen sulfide sensor and an ammonia sensor on the tag. , A review of passive RFID tag antenna-based sensors and systems for structural health monitoring applications, Sensors, 2017. Biomark PIT Tags are low frequency 134. 1. Our visual tags’ shape, weight and application process are designed for each target species, ensuring optimal application and retention results. The first applications were developed just for identification; however, growing interest in other possible applications has led to the development of a new range RFID devices outfitted with sensors that Jun 17, 2024 · Table of Contents Understanding RFID Technology RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification. Please contact us at +1 (360) 764-8850 or email office@nmt. The HPR Plus provides detections of ISO 1784/11785 FDX‐B and HDX PIT Tags and is IP67 waterproof. 2 kHz ISO FDX-B RFID, EID, PIT tag is the highest performing RFID tag on the market today for fish and wildlife research in a 9mm size. 5mm wide and only 0. biomarkservice@merck. These microchips, made of resistant glass, offer great durability against chemicals and adverse environmental conditions, even being submersible without damage (IP68 rating). These tags are encapsulated in biocompatible glass and provide 100% unique identification. May 31, 2018 · In the new process, a fish is tagged with a modified streamer tag carrying a rice grain-sized RFID chip. Purchase RFID tags online at atlasRFIDstore. The UID PIT Tag Reader (URH-1HP-ISO) is a high-power scanning device designed to read encoded data from all ISO FDX-B PIT Tags. Voda IQ PIT tags are encapsulated in biocompatible glass and provide unique identification. 1mm x 12mm PIT Tags, into the injector. Their small size, biocompatibility, and low-frequency transmission make them ideal for tracking wildlife, including fish, birds, reptiles, and mammals. 5 inches) and can be surgically implanted in juvenile fish (Figure 1). The ear tag is small and spherical, and it is worn on the ear. Two batteries can usually power the reader for 7-10 days, depending on the antenna design. *Tag pricing is quantity dependent and may Innovative fish and wildlife tracking solutions since 2003 12. The system architecture is designed according to the specific requirement gathered in the life fish processing. 15 mm. Accuracy: RFID tags can be beneficial for women with cancer in their lymph nodes to RFID is widely adopted in logistics 67 because it is an affordable technology that allows to track the refrigeration status in real-time from 68 the production until the sale of the product [29,30]. Apr 2, 2012 · The tags were large (up to 4 inches long) and were attached externally near the dorsal fin of adult fish. May 7, 2024 · Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) asset tracking uses a system of RFID tags and electromagnetic readers to collect data from fixed assets or movable assets. Tags transmit a unique identifying number that can be read at a short distance that depends on the tag size and antenna design. 1Hz equals one wave in one second, 1KHz equals a thousand waves per second, and 1MHz equals one million Innovative fish and wildlife tracking solutions since 2003. 25mm high. Next generation high-performance single antenna LF HDX RFID reader, ISO 11784 compatible. These variants are known as full-duplex (FDX) and half-duplex (HDX). FDX Plus Ultra EID Tag RFID Button Eartag AIN 0016f Bison, Cattle 3. We will provide technicians and a project manager on-site for a completion timeline that corresponds with project scope. The tag is 6mm long, 0. RFID ear tags can be custom printed with tag data, logo, ranch name, and are available in multiple colors. is a worldwide leader in unique animal identification through radio fre-. It is estimated that using UHF, the number of fish that will be registered by each antenna will be around 100 times the number registered with the LF tags and antennae currently used by the aquaculture industry. In recent years, tagging fish with acoustic tags has become more popular because tags have been made much smaller (under 0. A new antenna multiplexing circuit switches both wires of the selected channel and electrically shorts the unselected channels to prevent false detections. , 2005). 3. • When a trucker arrives at a Description. Antennas for HDX readers are very simple loops of insulated wire that can be placed directly in the water without an air gap or frame. The tag head is specially ground and sharpened to anchor smoothly in firm tissue or muscle. Jun 17, 2024 · RFID tags are available in both HF and UHF frequencies and have a read range of up to 3 feet. An internal datalogger has 16 GB of flash Jun 5, 2013 · RFID has also been employed in aquariums to identify fishes, in the same way as Low Frequency RFID capsules are employed in cattle breeding. The robust HPR Plus incorporates features gleaned from feedback from the fish and wildlife community and our own biological services department. With care, you can safely tag small fish with Visible Implant Elastomer (VIE) tags. Mar 22, 2024 · 1. Some acoustic tags incorporate additional sensors to record depth, temperature, or predation events. This hand held, dual antenna reader can read 2. Feb 7, 2023 · A RAIN RFID saltwater solution. Since low frequency PIT tags Dec 1, 2022 · Chung et al. The monitoring of juvenile life stages of many fish species has proved difficult previously with no reliable options for RFID fish tagging with unique identifiers Oct 23, 2020 · The wire can sometimes get to areas where the RFID tag cannot. A PIT tag is a small radio transponder that contains a specific code, which allows individual fish, as well as amphibians, reptiles, birds and even rocks, to be assigned a unique 10 or 15 digit alphanumeric identification Oregon RFID manufactures equipment for tracking fish and wildlife using low frequency PIT tags and readers. And if you require a JSATS compatible system, ATS is the worlds leading supplier of JSATS tags. The operating temperature of these tags is between −20 °C and 70 °C, and the storage temperature is between −30 °C and 75 °C. RFID tags using the 13. Once the tags have been placed on the animals From pioneering, in-river and hydro facility RFID tag detection systems, to tag injection and production tagging services, Biomark has been the premier fish tagging organization since the 1990’s. NMT’s biologists are also available to help you. Antennas for HDX can be 10 times larger than FDX ones. Sep 21, 2022 · Fish tagging is a common practice found in fisheries across the globe. The IS1001 Reader can be paired with a variety of enclosures and power options to meet the most specialized application needs. Here is some information to help you get started. More quantitative data in section 3 are expected. in compliance to ISO 11784 /11785 fdx-b. 5 mm × 0. What is RFID? • RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a wireless technology permanently placed on drayage trucks that will enable quick and secure check-in procedures at marine terminals. RFID frequency refers to the size of the radio waves used to communicate between RFID system components. Hallprint's polyethylene streamer tags are extremely popular with researchers for a wide variety of finfish and crustaceans including especially prawns (shrimp), juvenile fish and clawed lobster. com. and it will work perfectly together with other equipment and products using the standard. To collect the agribusiness-related information and for the automated transferring procedure, sensors were required, controlled by a Trovan is the world’s leading supplier of RFID systems to the commercial aquaculture industry. The RFID tags used in these experiments are 2. Tags are encapsulated to protect them from harsh environments. Weight 0. Tiny Pet Microchips for Dogs/ Cats/ Fish/ Birds Low price 2. HID Global designed two tags — one 15 millimeters long and one 25 millimeters long — that are small enough to be easily injected into the fish. The tag was insensitive to humidity variations and irreversibly changed its status once temperature exceeded the ionic liquid melting point, which can be tuned by changing the Unified Information Devices (UID) provides a convenient and reliable solution for fish and wildlife identification and tracking applications. The UID High Power Reader (URH-300HP) is ideal for identification applications with ISO and PIT tags requiring long read distance. (2009) reported the results regarding a demonstration of RFID use along an intercontinental fresh fish logistic chain, Martínez-Olmos et al. There are two different varieties of PIT technology, each of which offers unique advantages and disadvantages. g. Read-only. 25 x 8. Department of Agriculture announced its long-awaited update to the animal identification rules on Friday, April 26, 2024. A single or multiplexed series of readers with antennas can be deployed to provide detection within a study area. (2017) developed a battery-free RFID system to monitor fish freshness by modifying typical passive RFID tags. HID’s newest and smallest tag, the Glass Tag Nano, is only 1. Email: customerservice@biomark. The project is led by Norwegian technology company RFID Solutions AS for Norway’s Institute of Marine Research (IMR Description. For example, suppose a species is typically Oct 1, 2011 · RFID tags have write memory capability (5 tags per second) and can store data; up to 4 kB in passive, 1 MB in active tags (ECPGlobal, 2008). At its core, RFID systems use electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. 12 mm HDX ISO 11784/11785 compliant ICAR-registered animal tag. 4 mm in size, weigh 5. A solution for your fish tracking project where the environment includes salt water. Passive RFID tags are inductively charged by the reader and do not have a battery. All of the fish we release have a PIT tag, a small glass RFID tag generally 132. Jan 1, 2012 · Thus, Abad et al. 00; Show All Products. Tags can Many people know Passive Inductive Transponder (PIT) tags as the microchips used to identify pets. HDX High Performance Ultra EID RFID Button Eartag AIN 0004d Bison, Cattle, Deer/Elk, Pigs 2. (2013) presented an RFID tag with an The Biomark HPT9 9mm 134. Read more about HPR Plus Handheld PIT Tag Reader. RFID tag frequencies. A fisherman can scan the tag at or near the moment of capture with a compatible RFID reader, which will transmit the fish's data file to a personal smartphone pre-installed with our reporting application (the HI Tag App Nov 3, 2005 · The result was a fish-tracking program using RFID tags that has been carried out with millions of fish over the past 15 years, answering numerous questions about where and why salmon mortality occurs. ab dp kb vi vg mg qy pk ws wt